CHEM 105 - Survey of General Chemistry

4 Credit: (3 lecture, 2 lab, 0 clinical) 5 Contact Hours:

1. Use significant figures when measuring and performing calculations.
2. Apply the metric system prefixes.
3. Measure length, area, and volume in correct units.
4. Perform various conversions (dimensional analysis) using given conversion factors.
5. Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative measurements.

Goal 2:  Classify matter based on physical and chemical attributes.

1. Compare and contrast homogeneous versus heterogeneous materials.
2. Describe the differences between mixtures, solutions, and pure substances.
3. Describe various methods of physical separation, including distillation, filtration, extraction, and chromatography.
4. Contrast physical and chemical changes in matter.
5. Differentiate between intensive and extensive physical properties.

Goal 3:  Discuss the fundamental particles of matter based on size, charge, and location in the atom.

1. Differentiate between atomic mass and mass number.
2. Describe the differences between isotopes of various atoms.
3. Know the relative mass and charge of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation
4. Summarize the concept of half-life of a radioactive isotope.
5. Explain major experiments and models in the atomic theory (Thomson, Rutherford, Milikan)
6. Recite the name and symbol for approximately 50 common elements.
7. Determine the common charge associated with the main group ions.
8. Summarize the reasons for the placement of elements in the periodic table.

Goal 4:  Apply the IUPAC system of nomenclature for chemical compounds.

1. Differentiate between mono and polyatomic ions.
2. Write formulas for binary and polyatomic ionic compounds containing main group cations.
3. Write formulas for binary and polyatomic ionic compounds containing transition and multiple charged cations using both the roman numeral system and the “traditional” system.
4. Write formulas for various acids.
5. Compare the difference of the IUPAC nomenclature to that of common names.

Goal 5:  Summarize the basic reactions for aqueous ionic substances and properly use the solubility rules.

1. Write a complete balanced chemical equation from a word equation.
2. Recognize and predict the products for double replacement, single replacement, and combustion of hydrocarbon reactions.
3. Use the solubility rules to determine the physical states of the products of single and double replacement reactions.
4. Recognize synthesis and decomposition reactions.
5. Recognize oxidation-reduction reactions and determine the: substance oxidized, substance reduced, oxidizing agent, reducing agent.

Goal 6:  Apply the mole concept to solve a variety of compositional and reactional stoichiometric problems.

1. Determine the molar mass of various substances.
2. Perform various mole calculations (using particles, moles, and mass).
3. Perform percent composition problems.
4. Determine empirical formulas from laboratory data.
5. Determine molecular formulas from laboratory data.
6. Describe how to prepare solutions of various concentrations by the dilution method and starting from a solid reagent.
7. Determine the concentration of given solutions using desired units.
8. Perform stoichiometric conversions to find equivalent quantities of reactants and products using various starting and ending units(mass, moles, molecles, atoms, formula units, etc).
9. Determine the percent yield.
10. Solve titration problems.
11. Utilize molar volume in stoichiometric relationships.

Goal 7:  Demonstrate an understanding of chemical thermodynamics.

1. Differentiate processes classified as exo or endothermic.
2. Use the concept of specific heat in various problems.
3. Perform calculations to determine enthalpy values for various chemical processes.
4. Describe exothermic and endothermic reactions.

Goal 8:  Characterize the states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) in terms of their physical properties.

1. Recite the postulates of the Kinetic Molecular Theory.
2. Describe the physical properties of gases in terms of volume, pressure, and temperature by using the various gas laws, including Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law, the Ideal Gas Law, Dalton’s Law, and Avogadro’s Law.
3. Describe the energy changes which occur as a pure substance goes through phase changes using a Heating-Cooling Curve.
4. Explain how vapor pressure and atmospheric pressure relate to the boiling of a pure liquid.

Goal 9:  Utilize electron structure to describe behavior of atoms, ions, and molecules.

1. Use the Bohr model of the atom to explain atomic absorption and atomic emission spectroscopy.
2. Compare and contrast between flame tests and Bright-line spectroscopy.
3. Recite the electromagnetic spectrum from low to high energy, low to high frequency, and long to short wavelength.
4. Know the colors of the visible spectrum.
5. Utilize a variety of mathematical equations dealing with energy and quantum theory.
6. Write both entire and noble gas core electron configurations for atoms and ions.
7. Predict various periodic trends based on electron configuration and periodic table placement.
8. Write Lewis electron-dot diagrams and Lewis structures for various molecules.
9. Use the VSEPR Theory to determine the 3D shape of a molecule.
10. Know the relative bond angles: linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal pyramid, angular.
11. Explain the concept of a “polar bond” and a “polar molecule”.
12. Be able to predict molecular polarity.
13. Describe the various van der Waal’s forces of attraction (dipole-dipole, H-bonding, dipole-induced-dipole, London forces).

Goal 10:  Solve acid-base and chemical equilibrium problems.

1. Be able to recognize Bronsted-Lowery and Arrhenius acids and bases.
2. Define conjugate acids and bases.
3. Describe the concept of pH in both words and mathematically.
4. Calculate the pH of strong acids and bases.
5. Calculate the concentration (molarity) of acids and bases at 25^oC using the auto-ionization constant of water, K_w.
6. Explain the concept of chemical equilibrium.
7. Use LeChatelier’s Principle to predict the effects of changes in pressure, concentration, and temperature to a system at equilibrium.
8. Write out equilibrium expressions for homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria.
9. Determine the value of equilibrium constants and explain their significance.
10. Determine concentrations/partial pressures for equilibrium systems.

Goal 11:  Be familiar with proper laboratory techniques.

1. Identify various pieces of laboratory equipment.
2. Demonstrate how to properly use the correct laboratory equipment for a specific laboratory task.
3. Identify errors in the laboratory setting.