BIOL 105 - Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology

4 Credit: (3 lecture, 2 lab, 0 clinical) 5 Contact Hours: [Reading Level 3  and Writing Level 2  and Math Level 3 ] 

Objectives:

1. Identify body directional terms, body cavities and anatomical terms
2. Identify structures of the cell membrane (per BIOL105 Master List)
3. Identify the major organelles of a cell (per BIOL105 Master List)
4. Identify the general and specific tissues specified in the BIOL105 Master List
5. Identify the three layers of the skin and corresponding parts (BIOL105 Master List)
6. Locate and identify the bones and the major features of the bones that compose the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, pectoral girdle, upper limb, pelvic girdle, and lower limb
7. Identify the major parts of a skeletal muscle fiber
8. Identify and locate the major skeletal muscles of each body region
9. Identify the structural components of neurons, nerves and the brain
10. Identify the major endocrine glands
11. Identify the specified blood vessels and heart parts (cardiovascular system)
12. Identify the organs of the respiratory system
13. Identify the organs of the urinary system
14. Identify the glands and organs of the digestive system
15. Identify the parts of the reproductive system 

Goal 2:  Explain the basic physiological processes of the human body.

Objectives:

1. Define anatomy and physiology
2. Describe the organization of the human body and its systems
3. Define the characteristics and requirements of life
4. Describe homeostasis
5. Describe the basic atomic structure using the periodic table
6. Describe how atomic structure determines how atoms interact (bonding)
7. Define isotope and ion
8. Explain how ionic, covalent and hydrogen bonds affect body function
9. Describe the concept of pH
10. Describe the four organic macromolecules and their building blocks
11. Explain how the structure of a cell membrane makes its functions possible
12. Explain how substances move in and out of cells
13. Describe the cell cycle
14. Describe how DNA molecules store and replicate genetic information
15. Describe the steps of protein synthesis
16. Explain how two differentiated cell types can have the same genetic information but different appearances and functions
17. Briefly explain the function of metabolism
18. Describe how enzymes control metabolic functions
19. Explain how cellular respiration of glucose releases chemical energy
20. Describe the general characteristics and functions of the four specific tissue types.
21. Describe cell junctions
22. Differentiate between the types of glands
23. Describe the function of tissue membranes
24. Summarize the factors that determine skin color
25. List the general functions of the skin
26. Explain how the skin helps regulate body temperature
27. Describe the functions of the skeletal system
28. Describe the macroscopic and microscopic structure of a long bone
29. Explain how bones develop and grow
30. Identify the different types of synovial joints and their movements
31. Describe the function of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle tissues
32. Identify the major parts of a skeletal muscle fiber
33. Describe how muscles contract and relax
34. Describe how muscles get, store and use energy
35. Explain how muscles work with tendons to move the body
36. Distinguish between central and peripheral nervous systems
37. Describe the general structure of a neuron
38. Describe the events that lead to the generation of an action potential
39. Compare nerve impulse conduction in myelinated and unmyelinated neurons
40. Distinguish between sensory, interneuron and motor neurons.
41. Describe the function of a reflex arc
42. Describe the function of the parts of the brain and spinal cord
43. Describe the coverings of the brain and spinal cord
44. Describe the parts of the peripheral nervous system
45. Contrast the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
46. Describe the components of the endocrine system
47. Define hormone and hormone action
48. Name source, target and function of selected hormones
49. Distinguish between protein and steroid hormone action
50. Discuss how negative feedback mechanisms regulate hormonal secretions
51. Describe the general characteristics of blood and its major functions
52. Summarize the control of red blood cell production
53. Distinguish between the functions of erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets.
54. Explain blood typing
55. Trace the pathway of blood through the heart and the vessels
56. Explain blood pressure and its controlling factors
57. Describe how substances are exchanged at the capillary level
58. Describe the general functions of the lymphatic system
59. Describe how lymph fluid forms and is moved
60. Distinguish between the three levels of immune defense
61. Distinguish between active and passive immunity
62. Describe the general functions of the digestive system
63. Explain how the contents of the alimentary canal are mixed and moved
64. Identify the function of enzymes secreted by the digestive organs
65. Explain how the products of digestion are absorbed and transported
66. Identify the general functions of the respiratory system
67. Describe the functions of each organ of the respiratory system
68. Explain the mechanisms of inspiration and expiration
69. Explain how air and blood exchange gases
70. List the ways blood transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
71. List the general functions of the organs of the urinary system
72. Describe a nephron and explain the functions of its major parts
73. Discuss urine formation and how it is regulated
74. Describe the components of normal urine
75. Explain water and electrolyte balance
76. Describe the function of the male and female primary and secondary sex organs
77. Explain spermatogenesis and oogenesis
78. Compare the ovarian and menstrual cycles
79. Explain how hormones control the activities of the male and female reproductive organs
80. Describe the major stages of development
81. Describe the basic changes in the female occurring during pregnancy
82. Explain the role of hormones in the birth process and milk production

Goal 3:  Demonstrate an understanding of the scientific process as used in human medicine.

Objectives:

1. Define hypothesis, independent variable, dependent variable and controls
2. Describe the steps of the scientific process (method)
3. List characteristics of good scientific methodology and experimentation
4. Identify variables, controls and constants in a given experiment
5. Interpret data presented in different formats (text, table, graph, etc.)
6. Draw valid conclusions from data