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Dec 14, 2024
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BIOL 105 - Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology 4 Credit: (3 lecture, 2 lab, 0 clinical) 5 Contact Hours: The overall objective of BIOL105 is to introduce the principles and processes of biology through the study of the human organism. Students gain an understanding of how the human body functions through a detailed study of each organ system that comprises the human body. This course gives students a perspective of how the human body maintains homeostasis through the interaction of organ system functions. Current topics in health sciences, nutrition, biology and medicine are discussed as they pertain to specific organ systems. Laboratory exercises include dissection and physiological experiments pertinent to the topics covered. Students have an option to observe and use a human cadaver. OFFERED: every semester
Course Goals/ Objectives/ Competencies: Goal 1: Identify all the anatomical structures listed in the BIOL105 Master List.
Objectives:
- Identify body directional terms, body cavities and anatomical terms
- Identify structures of the cell membrane (per BIOL105 Master List)
- Identify the major organelles of a cell (per BIOL105 Master List)
- Identify the general and specific tissues specified in the BIOL105 Master List
- Identify the three layers of the skin and corresponding parts (BIOL105 Master List)
- Locate and identify the bones and the major features of the bones that compose the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, pectoral girdle, upper limb, pelvic girdle, and lower limb
- Identify the major parts of a skeletal muscle fiber
- Identify and locate the major skeletal muscles of each body region
- Identify the structural components of neurons, nerves and the brain
- Identify the major endocrine glands
- Identify the specified blood vessels and heart parts (cardiovascular system)
- Identify the organs of the respiratory system
- Identify the organs of the urinary system
- Identify the glands and organs of the digestive system
- Identify the parts of the reproductive system
Goal 2: Explain the basic physiological processes of the human body.
Objectives:
- Define anatomy and physiology
- Describe the organization of the human body and its systems
- Define the characteristics and requirements of life
- Describe homeostasis
- Describe the basic atomic structure using the periodic table
- Describe how atomic structure determines how atoms interact (bonding)
- Define isotope and ion
- Explain how ionic, covalent and hydrogen bonds affect body function
- Describe the concept of pH
- Describe the four organic macromolecules and their building blocks
- Explain how the structure of a cell membrane makes its functions possible
- Explain how substances move in and out of cells
- Describe the cell cycle
- Describe how DNA molecules store and replicate genetic information
- Describe the steps of protein synthesis
- Explain how two differentiated cell types can have the same genetic information but different appearances and functions
- Briefly explain the function of metabolism
- Describe how enzymes control metabolic functions
- Explain how cellular respiration of glucose releases chemical energy
- Describe the general characteristics and functions of the four specific tissue types.
- Describe cell junctions
- Differentiate between the types of glands
- Describe the function of tissue membranes
- Summarize the factors that determine skin color
- List the general functions of the skin
- Explain how the skin helps regulate body temperature
- Describe the functions of the skeletal system
- Describe the macroscopic and microscopic structure of a long bone
- Explain how bones develop and grow
- Identify the different types of synovial joints and their movements
- Describe the function of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle tissues
- Identify the major parts of a skeletal muscle fiber
- Describe how muscles contract and relax
- Describe how muscles get, store and use energy
- Explain how muscles work with tendons to move the body
- Distinguish between central and peripheral nervous systems
- Describe the general structure of a neuron
- Describe the events that lead to the generation of an action potential
- Compare nerve impulse conduction in myelinated and unmyelinated neurons
- Distinguish between sensory, interneuron and motor neurons.
- Describe the function of a reflex arc
- Describe the function of the parts of the brain and spinal cord
- Describe the coverings of the brain and spinal cord
- Describe the parts of the peripheral nervous system
- Contrast the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
- Describe the components of the endocrine system
- Define hormone and hormone action
- Name source, target and function of selected hormones
- Distinguish between protein and steroid hormone action
- Discuss how negative feedback mechanisms regulate hormonal secretions
- Describe the general characteristics of blood and its major functions
- Summarize the control of red blood cell production
- Distinguish between the functions of erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets.
- Explain blood typing
- Trace the pathway of blood through the heart and the vessels
- Explain blood pressure and its controlling factors
- Describe how substances are exchanged at the capillary level
- Describe the general functions of the lymphatic system
- Describe how lymph fluid forms and is moved
- Distinguish between the three levels of immune defense
- Distinguish between active and passive immunity
- Describe the general functions of the digestive system
- Explain how the contents of the alimentary canal are mixed and moved
- Identify the function of enzymes secreted by the digestive organs
- Explain how the products of digestion are absorbed and transported
- Identify the general functions of the respiratory system
- Describe the functions of each organ of the respiratory system
- Explain the mechanisms of inspiration and expiration
- Explain how air and blood exchange gases
- List the ways blood transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
- List the general functions of the organs of the urinary system
- Describe a nephron and explain the functions of its major parts
- Discuss urine formation and how it is regulated
- Describe the components of normal urine
- Explain water and electrolyte balance
- Describe the function of the male and female primary and secondary sex organs
- Explain spermatogenesis and oogenesis
- Compare the ovarian and menstrual cycles
- Explain how hormones control the activities of the male and female reproductive organs
- Describe the major stages of development
- Describe the basic changes in the female occurring during pregnancy
- Explain the role of hormones in the birth process and milk production
Goal 3: Demonstrate an understanding of the scientific process as used in human medicine.
Objectives:
- Define hypothesis, independent variable, dependent variable and controls
- Describe the steps of the scientific process (method)
- List characteristics of good scientific methodology and experimentation
- Identify variables, controls and constants in a given experiment
- Interpret data presented in different formats (text, table, graph, etc.)
- Draw valid conclusions from data
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