PHYS 231 - College Physics II

4 Credit: (4 lecture, 2 lab, 0 clinical) 6 Contact Hours: [PHYS 230  or Instructor Approval]

1. Detail a proposed experimental procedure with hypothesis. 
2. Determine reasonable values for uncertainties in measurements. 
3. Propagate uncertainties in calculations. 
4. Calculate statistical uncertainty in a repeated measurement. 
5. Record all data and show sample calculations. 
6. Create well-formatted data tables and graphs of data. 
7. Construct an appropriate linear fit to data.
8. Interpret a linear fit model to data correctly. 
9. State results of analysis, agreement of key values, and support of hypotheses. 
10. Debug any experiment with erroneous results, summarizing possible mistakes or possible here-to-fore unknown affecting variables. 
11. Record investigator questions and clarifications and any alterations to procedure. 
12. Revise the hypothesis/model and propose a retest. 
13. Format an experimental procedure and results into a formal scientific report. 

Goal 2:  Integrate how internal energy and state parameters of a thermodynamic system change when heat is added, or work is done to it.

1. Explain the origin of pressure and temperature in an ideal gas using Kinetic Molecular theory.
2. List the mechanisms of heat transfer.
3. Relate the change in temperature of a substance to the heat added given the specific and latent heats.
4. Predict changes to the internal energy and temperature of a substance given the amount of heat added to a system and the work done on to the system.
5. Calculate the Carnot efficiency.
6. Describe the difference between “spontaneous” and “nonspontaneous” processes.
7. Distinguish between isobaric, isochoric, isothermal, and adiabatic processes.
8. Calculate the work done and heat exchanged in an engine cycle using PV diagrams.
9. Calculate entropy in terms of heat exchanged and temperature.
10. Calculate entropy in terms of probability, microstates, and macrostates.
11. Predict the change in entropy of a system and/or surroundings using the 2^nd Law of Thermodynamics.

Goal 3:  Model the distribution of charges and related fields and their effect upon other charges. 

1. Discriminate between conductors and insulators phenomenologically. 
2. Develop a microscopic model of charge to explain charging by friction, conduction, and induction as well as the process of polarization in a dielectric. 
3. Convert between standard units of electric charge and subatomic charges. 
4. Explain what is meant by quantization of charge and charge conservation. 
5. Calculate the force on a charge in 2D space from multiple other charges using Coulomb’s Law.
6. Calculate the Electric Field at a point in 2D space from multiple charges. 
7. Predict the approximate trajectory of a charged particle from the electric field lines.
8. Determine the Electric Potential at any point in 3D space around multiple charges. 
9. Determine the Electric Field lines from equipotential surfaces and vice versa. 
10. Draw Electric Field near conductors correctly. 
11. Calculate capacitance from knowledge of electric field or electric potential and geometry of conductors. 
12. Calculate capacitance from capacitors in series or parallel. 

Goal 4:  Investigate the flow of charge and energy in complex DC electrical circuits. 

1. Define electromotive force (EMF)
2. Identify sources of EMF in a circuit. 
3. Explain the flow of energy in a loaded electrical circuit. 
4. Explain the mechanism of electrical conduction in metals using a microscopic model.
5. Calculate electrical resistance for conductor based on material and object properties. 
6. Calculate resistance, voltage, and current in a circuit using Ohm’s law.
7. Calculate the rate of conversion of electrical energy using Joule’s law. 
8. Physically construct series and parallel circuits. 
9. Measure electrical current, potential and resistance in circuits. 
10. Calculate resistance for loads in series and parallel. 
11. Determine current and EMF in complex circuits with neither parallel nor serial geometry using Kirchhoff’s rules.
12. Incorporate the above objectives to solve application problems. 

Goal 5:  Investigate the causes of magnetism and the conversion of magnetic energy into electrical energy. 

1. Explain the source of all magnetism and the domain model for permanent magnets. 
2. Identify interactions between different magnetic poles and the directionality of a compass needle. 
3. Explain the causes of Earth’s magnetic field and location of its poles. 
4. Calculate the magnetic field around a straight wire or at the center of a coli or solenoid.  
5. Determine the correct direction of the magnetic field, charge flow and magnetic force from the other two. 
6. Calculate the torque on a current carrying coil based on the magnetic field and coil’s orientation. 
7. Calculate the magnetic flux. 
8. Calculate the induced Electromotive Force (EMF) using Faraday’s Law
9. Identify the correct direction of induced current using Lenz’s law. 
10. Calculate Emf in a transformer. 
11. Calculate RMS current,  voltage, and power in an AC circuit.

Goal 6:  Investigate the behaviors of light using the particle model. 

1. Apply the Law of Reflection in a simple or curved mirror system.
2. Explain refraction in terms of the changed speed of EM waves in different media. 
3. Explain dispersion. 
4. Explain the physical causes of the following visual effects: rainbows, total internal reflection, chromatic aberration, spherical aberration. 
5. Identify the different types of lenses by their geometry or their optical effects. 
6. Predict the placement and magnification of an image using the lens equation. 
7. Distinguish real from virtual images and predict which type an optical system will produce. 

Goal 7:  Investigate the behaviors of light using the wave model. 

1. Distinguish the types of electromagnetic waves based on wavelength or frequency.
2. Distinguish when materials absorb, transmit, or reflect EM waves. 
3. State the properties associated with all EM waves including speed, oscillation type, and trajectory.
4. Explain interference in terms of the superposition principle. 
5. Explain polarization of light and the common uses of polarized filters. 
6. Calculate if the EM waves intensity will be constructively or destructively interfering based on path length and wavelength. 
7. Calculate the change in magnitude of an EM wave with distance from a source.
8. Calculate angles for maxima and minima for diffraction by single-slit, double-slit and diffraction grating. 

Goal 8:  Investigate wave particle duality.

1. Determine energy of EM waves using Plank’s Law. 
2. Compare and contrast Emission, Absorption and Continuous spectra and give example sources of each. 
3. Predict the peak frequency change of EM spectra with temperature using Wien’s Law.
4. Compare and contrast Incandescence, Fluorescence and Phosphorescence. 
5. Explain the conundrum of the photoelectric effect. 
6. Explain what is meant by wave-particle duality. 
7. Predict the wavelength or momentum of a moving particle using De Broglie’s Law.
8. Predict the uncertainty of position, momentum, energy or using Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.

Goal 9:  Investigate the nature of atoms using quantum physics.

1. Recognize that the Franck-Hertz experiment demonstrates that energy levels in an atom are discrete. 
2. Correlate an atomic absorption or emission spectrum and the corresponding energies. 
3. Describe how Rutherford’s experiment disproved Thomson’s model of the atom and demonstrated the existence of a positively charged nucleus. 
4. Describe the key components of the Bohr model, including discrete stable electron orbits and the relationship of the principal quantum number, to properties of the energy levels. 
5. Define what wave-particle duality means. 
6. Mathematically relate the blackbody radiation phenomenologically to the temperature of the object. 
7. Demonstrate how de Broglie waves result in quantization of atomic energy levels. 
8. Apply the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to an object. 
9. Recognize Schrodinger’s equation and the relation of the wave function to the probability of locating a particle at a certain location. 
10. Relate the probability of a particle being in a certain spatial interval to the wave function or probability function mathematically.
11. Relate the angular momentum of an atom to quantum numbers mathematically.

Goal 10:  Construct a scientific presentation.

1. Present scientific models to an audience. 
2. Formulate a logical argument in opposition or support of the model.
3. Propose illustrations or demonstrations of complex concepts for a general audience.
4. Cite supporting evidence properly.